Δευτέρα 28 Σεπτεμβρίου 2015

In His U.N. Remarks, President Obama Offers a Preview to His Meeting with Vladimir Putin

Pres­id­ent Obama is meet­ing with Rus­si­an Pres­id­ent Vladi­mir Putin Monday af­ter­noon, the first time the two lead­ers will con­vene in about a year. And dur­ing his morn­ing speech at the 70th meet­ing of the United Na­tions Gen­er­al As­sembly in New York City, Obama offered the world a pre­view of what he’ll say to Putin when they sit down face to face.
After laud­ing the dip­lo­mat­ic ef­forts that, for ex­ample, brought the Ir­a­ni­an nuc­le­ar deal to fruition, Obama called out glob­al lead­ers who pur­sue the “con­trol of ter­rit­ory,” re­pres­sion of their own people, and ag­gres­sion abroad over em­power­ing their own cit­izens. And he re­jec­ted the idea that in its op­pos­i­tion to Rus­sia’s ac­tions in Ukraine, the United States is re­turn­ing to a Cold War era.

“We can­not stand by when the sov­er­eignty and ter­rit­ori­al in­teg­rity of a na­tion is flag­rantly vi­ol­ated,” Obama said at the U.N. as­sembly. What’s happened in Ukraine, with Rus­sia’s an­nex­a­tion of Crimea, “could hap­pen to any na­tion gathered here today.”
Obama’s re­marks Monday morn­ing come as the pres­id­ent’s for­eign policy agenda has seen both vic­tory and un­cer­tainty in re­cent months: The sup­port for his nuc­le­ar deal with Ir­an in Con­gress was a win for the ad­min­is­tra­tion, but the crisis in Syr­ia, the sec­ond­ary refugee crisis it has gen­er­ated, and the fight against the Is­lam­ic State have crit­ics at home ques­tion­ing the ad­min­is­tra­tion’s long-term strategy.
The pres­id­ent called for U.N. mem­bers to work to­geth­er to­ward a solu­tion in Syr­ia, where the United States and fel­low Se­cur­ity Coun­cil mem­ber Rus­sia have di­ver­gent ap­proaches. Not only has Rus­sia been sup­port­ing the re­gime of Pres­id­ent Bashar al-As­sad mil­it­ar­ily, but on Sunday, the Ir­aqi mil­it­ary an­nounced that Rus­sia, Ir­aq, Ir­an, and Syr­ia have es­tab­lished an in­tel­li­gence-shar­ing agree­ment against the Is­lam­ic State.

Obama said that mil­it­ary ef­forts are “ne­ces­sary” but “not suf­fi­cient” to ameli­or­ate the crisis in Syr­ia, call­ing for a re­gime change and an agree­ment among the Syr­i­an people “to live to­geth­er peace­fully.” And even as he cri­ti­cized Rus­sia’s in­ter­ven­tion­ism in Ukraine, he said his ad­min­is­tra­tion is will­ing to work with Mo­scow and Tehran in Syr­ia.
With the Gen­er­al As­sembly con­fer­ence as a back­drop, the pres­id­ent is also hold­ing a meet­ing with In­di­an Prime Min­is­ter Nar­en­dra Modi on Monday. But the ses­sion with Putin is bound to over­shad­ow the Modi meet­ing. Putin and Obama are ex­pec­ted to touch on Syr­ia and Ukraine dur­ing their meet­ing.
Obama painted the de­cisions Rus­sia has made abroad as bru­tish, claim­ing that if Rus­sia had “en­gaged in true dip­lomacy” in Ukraine, and had worked with oth­er na­tions “to en­sure its in­terests were pro­tec­ted,” the world would be a dif­fer­ent place. It has been about 18 months since Rus­sia an­nexed Crimea after the Ukrain­i­an re­volu­tion, to the dis­ap­prov­al of Obama and oth­er world lead­ers.

Obama didn’t let Amer­ic­an so­ci­ety slip through his re­marks un­scathed, as he cri­ti­cized polit­ic­al po­lar­iz­a­tion, anti-im­mig­rant fer­vor, and fear-mon­ger­ing in even “the most ad­vanced demo­cra­cies.” At home, some be­lieve that “strength is defined by op­pos­i­tion to old en­emies” and “per­ceived ad­versar­ies,” he said, in­clud­ing China, Ir­an, Rus­sia, and Is­lam.
“We see an ar­gu­ment made that the only strength that mat­ters for the United States is bel­li­cose words, and shows of mil­it­ary force,” he said, “that co­oper­a­tion and dip­lomacy will not work.”
Obama ques­tioned those who would say the U.N.’s found­ing ideals are out­dated, who be­lieve “that power is a zero-sum game,” and who think that “strong states must im­pose their will on weak­er ones.” He praised the in­ter­na­tion­al co­oper­a­tion that has led to great­er open­ness in Cuba and the Trans-Pa­cific Part­ner­ship. And throughout his speech, Obama em­phas­ized the rights of the in­di­vidu­al and said that ef­forts with­in the United Na­tions have cham­pioned demo­cracy and cit­izens’ liberty “on every con­tin­ent.”

“This pro­gress is real,” Obama said. “It can be doc­u­mented in lives saved and agree­ments forged, in dis­eases conquered and in mouths fed.”
Though the pro­gress of in­di­vidu­als may be praised by an Amer­ic­an pres­id­ent, it’s a far dif­fer­ent mat­ter in oth­er coun­tries. As­sad, Obama noted, met peace­ful demon­stra­tions by his people with vi­ol­ence and “cre­ated the en­vir­on­ment for the cur­rent strife” the world is see­ing with the Is­lam­ic State. Obama framed dis­sent as a vi­tal com­pon­ent to pro­gress.
“I be­lieve a gov­ern­ment that sup­presses peace­ful dis­sent is not show­ing strength—it is show­ing weak­ness and it is show­ing fear,” Obama said. “His­tory shows that re­gimes that fear their own people will even­tu­ally crumble. But strong in­sti­tu­tions, built on the con­sent of the gov­erned, en­dure long after any one in­di­vidu­al is gone.”

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